Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Shin SH[original query] |
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Seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxocara species in the United States and associated risk factors, 2011- 2014
Liu EW , Chastain HM , Shin SH , Wiegand R , Kruszon-Moran D , Handali S , Jones JL . Clin Infect Dis 2017 66 (2) 206-212 Background: Toxocariasis results from infection with larval stages of a dog and cat intestinal nematode and causes human morbidity. The current US estimate of Toxocara exposure is 13.9% (NHANES III 1988-1994). Methods: We used a multiplex bead based assay (Tc-CTL-1MBA) with purified Toxocara canis antigen to estimate Toxocara antibody seroprevalence in serum of 13,509 persons six years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2014 and identified seropositivity risk factors. We tested a subset of 500 samples with the previously used T. canis enzyme immunoassay to estimate seroprevalence had prior samples been tested by Tc-CTL-1MBA. Results: The age standardized estimate of Toxocara seroprevalence was 5.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2%-5.8%), lower than previously reported even adjusting for increased Tc-CTL-1MBA specificity. Risk factors for seropositivity from multiple logistic regression were older age (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95%CI, 1.1-3.9 in persons 50-59 years old; OR, 1.7; 95%CI, 1.0-2.8 in persons 60-69; and OR, 2.6; 95%CI, 1.5-4.7 in persons ≥70 versus persons 6-11), non-Hispanic Black race/Hispanic origin (OR, 1.4; 95%CI, 1.0-2.0) versus non-Hispanic White, male sex (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.6-2.2), living below poverty level (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.4-2.6), households with ≥0.5 persons per room (OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.0-1.6), less than college education (OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.5-2.4), and birth outside the United States (OR, 3.6; 95%CI, 2.6-5.1). Conclusions: Toxocara seroprevalence estimates in 2011-14 were lower than in a study from NHANES III, 1988-94, but seropositivity risk factors remained the same and should continue to be the focus of prevention efforts. |
Development of two FhSAP2 recombinant-based assays for immunodiagnosis of human chronic fascioliasis
Shin SH , Hsu A , Chastain HM , Cruz LA , Elder ES , Sapp SG , McAuliffe I , Espino AM , Handali S . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016 95 (4) 852-855 In the United States, infection with Fasciola hepatica has been identified as an emerging disease, primarily in immigrants, refugees, and travelers. The laboratory test of choice for the diagnosis of fascioliasis detection of disease-specific antibodies, most commonly uses excretory-secretory antigens for detection of IgG antibodies. Recently, recombinant proteins such as F. hepatica antigen (FhSAP2) have been used to detect IgG antibodies. The glutathione S-transferase (GST)-FhSAP2 recombinant antigen was used to develop Western blot (WB) and fluorescent bead-based (Luminex) assays to detect F. hepatica total IgG and IgG4 antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of GST-FhSAP2 total IgG and IgG4 WB were similar at 94% and 98%, respectively. For the IgG Luminex assay, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 97%, and for the IgG4, the values were 100% and 99%, respectively. In conclusion, the GST-FhSAP2 antigen performs well in several assay formats and can be used for clinical diagnosis. |
Development of Ss-NIE-1 recombinant antigen based assays for immunodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis
Rascoe LN , Price C , Shin SH , McAuliffe I , Priest JW , Handali S . PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015 9 (4) e0003694 Strongyloides stercoralis is a widely distributed parasite that infects 30 to 100 million people worldwide. In the United States strongyloidiasis is recognized as an important infection in immigrants and refugees. Public health and commercial reference laboratories need a simple and reliable method for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis to identify and treat cases and to prevent transmission. The recognized laboratory test of choice for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis is detection of disease specific antibodies, most commonly using a crude parasite extract for detection of IgG antibodies. Recently, a luciferase tagged recombinant protein of S. stercoralis, Ss-NIE-1, has been used in a luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) to detect IgG and IgG4 specific antibodies. To promote wider adoption of immunoassays for strongyloidiasis, we used the Ss-NIE-1 recombinant antigen without the luciferase tag and developed ELISA and fluorescent bead (Luminex) assays to detect S. stercoralis specific IgG4. We evaluated the assays using well-characterized sera from persons with or without presumed strongyloidiasis. The sensitivity and specificity of Ss-NIE-1 IgG4 ELISA were 95% and 93%, respectively. For the IgG4 Luminex assay, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 95%, respectively. Specific IgG4 antibody decreased after treatment in a manner that was similar to the decrease of specific IgG measured in the crude IgG ELISA. The sensitivities of the Ss-NIE-1 IgG4 ELISA and Luminex assays were comparable to the crude IgG ELISA but with improved specificities. However, the Ss-NIE-1 based assays are not dependent on native parasite materials and can be performed using widely available laboratory equipment. In conclusion, these newly developed Ss-NIE-1 based immunoassays can be readily adopted by public health and commercial reference laboratories for routine screening and clinical diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection in refugees and immigrants in the United States. |
Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, United States, 1999-2008
Medalla F , Sjolund-Karlsson M , Shin SH , Harvey E , Joyce K , Theobald L , Nygren BL , Pecic G , Gay K , Austin J , Stuart A , Blanton E , Mintz ED , Whichard JM , Barzilay EJ . Emerg Infect Dis 2011 17 (6) 1095-1098 We report 9 ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi isolates submitted to the US National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System during 1999-2008. The first 2 had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and identical gyrA and parC mutations. Eight of the 9 patients had traveled to India within 30 days before illness onset. |
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